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    JavaScript 解析Json字符串的性能比较分析代码

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    我们在使用AJAX来做服务器端和客户端交互的时候,一般的做法是让服务器端返回一段JSON字符串,然后在客户端把它解析成JavaScript对象。

    解析时用到的方法一般是eval或者new function,而目前IE8和Firefox3.1又内置了原生的JSON对象(据说会有一定的性能提升)。那我们在实际使用的时候怎样从这三种方法(因为性能问题,不考虑用javascript实现的解析)里面来选择呢?面对众多的浏览器,哪种方式的性能是最好的呢? 

    一、测试方法 

    1、首先指定测试次数及JSON字符串 

    代码如下:
    var count = 10000,
        o = null,
        i = 0,
        jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}';
    2、循环解析并记录时间 

    eval 解析

    代码如下:

    var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" ); 
    } 
    Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 

    new Function 函数解析

    代码如下:

    var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )(); 
    } 
    Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    

    native 原生解析

    代码如下:

    if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
    var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); } 
    Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    } else { 
    Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
    } 

    二、测试对象 

    选择目前主流的浏览器(不考虑Maxthon一类的外壳),包括IE6、7、8,Firefox2、3、3.1,Chrome,Opera及Safari3、4。 

    三、测试环境 

    T9300 CPU + 4G RAM + Windows2003,其中IE8使用的是Vista的环境,IE7在另外一台工作机(2G CPU + 2G RAM + Windows2003),考虑到主要是测试浏览器客户端的性能,结果的误差应该能够接受。 

    四、测试结果 

    js
    *数值越小越好 

    *在当前列中绿色背景的表示性能最好,红色性能最差 
    1、Firefox2、3全部垫底,IE6的性能优于IE7(可能和机器不一致有关),Chrome和Safari4的性能远远超出其它浏览器。 

    2、不同的浏览器下eval和new Function的性能不一致,总的来说eval更好,但Firefox下new Function的性能是eval的一倍,为了更好的兼容各个浏览器,我们把对JSON的解析单独封装成一个对象来处理: 
    wrapper 

    代码如下:
    var __json = null;
    if (typeof JSON !== "undefined") {
        __json = JSON;
    }
    var browser = Browser;
    var JSON = {
        parse: function(text) {
            if (__json !== null) {
                return __json.parse(text);
            }
            if (browser.gecko) {
                return new Function("return " + text)();
            }
            return eval("(" + text + ")")
        }
    };
    var beginTime = new Date();
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        o = JSON.parse(jsonString);
    }
    Console.output("wrapper:" + (new Date() - beginTime));
    

    加入Wrapper后的结果: 

    json

    由于涉及到调用对象的开销,封装后JSON对象会比单独调用更慢,但它能保证在各个浏览器下使用最适合的方法。 


    五、结论 

    解析Json字符串时,不同的浏览器选择不同的方法: 

    IE6、7使用eval 
    IE8使用原生的JSON对象 
    Firefox2、3使用new Function 
    Safari4使用eval 
    其它浏览器下eval和new Function的性能基本一致 

    Update: 

    2009.03.23:屏蔽所有Firefox的Add-Ons再进行测试 
    由于Known在Firefox下运行代码得到了完全不一致的结果,怀疑是Firefox的插件导致,于是禁掉所有插件后(后来表明几乎由Firebug导致),重新在Firefox2、3下测试了一下,结果如下: 

    w3c

    这表明Firefox本身的性能并不是象我们先前测试的那样低,在去掉插件后性能还是很不错。但是没有Firebug一类的插件支持,Firefox对我们的吸引力也大大降低了。 

    2009.03.31:循环中每次使用新的json字符串 
    根据Oliver的描述,他猜测是由于Safari4和Chrome缓存了eval的结果从而导致它们的测试成绩“虚”高,测试结果证明了他的推测: 

    w3cschool

    从这个结果中我们可以看到,Opera的性能最好,Ie8其次。 

    主要修改的代码: 

    代码如下:
    //eval 2: var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        o = eval("(" + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}' + ")");
    }
    Console.output("eval:" + (new Date() - beginTime));
    //new Function 
    beginTime = new Date();
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        o = new Function("return " + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}')();
    }
    Console.output("new Function:" + (new Date() - beginTime));
    //native 
    if (typeof JSON !== "undefined") {
        beginTime = new Date();
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}');
        }
        Console.output("native:" + (new Date() - beginTime));
    } else {
        Console.output("native:not support!");
    }
    //wrapper 
    var __json = null;
    if (typeof JSON !== "undefined") {
        __json = JSON;
    }
    var browser = Browser;
    var JSON = {
        parse: function(text) {
            if (__json !== null) {
                return __json.parse(text);
            }
            if (browser.gecko) {
                return new Function("return " + text)();
            }
            return eval("(" + text + ")")
        }
    };
    beginTime = new Date();
    for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}');
    }
    Console.output("wrapper:" + (new Date() - beginTime));
    

    附:全部代码
    代码如下:
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> 
    <html> 
    <head> 
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
    <title>Parse JsonString</title> 
    </head> 
    <body> 
    <div id="consoleRegion"></div> 
    <script type="text/javascript"> 
    //yui 
    var Browser = function() { 
    var o = { 
    ie: 0, 
    opera: 0, 
    gecko: 0, 
    webkit: 0 
    }; 
    var ua = navigator.userAgent, m; 
    if ( ( /KHTML/ ).test( ua ) ) { 
    o.webkit = 1; 
    } 
    // Modern WebKit browsers are at least X-Grade 
    m = ua.match(/AppleWebKit\/([^\s]*)/); 
    if (m&&m[1]) { 
    o.webkit=parseFloat(m[1]); 
    } 
    if (!o.webkit) { // not webkit 
    // @todo check Opera/8.01 (J2ME/MIDP; Opera Mini/2.0.4509/1316; fi; U; ssr) 
    m=ua.match(/Opera[\s\/]([^\s]*)/); 
    if (m&&m[1]) { 
    o.opera=parseFloat(m[1]); 
    } else { // not opera or webkit 
    m=ua.match(/MSIE\s([^;]*)/); 
    if (m&&m[1]) { 
    o.ie=parseFloat(m[1]); 
    } else { // not opera, webkit, or ie 
    m=ua.match(/Gecko\/([^\s]*)/); 
    if (m) { 
    o.gecko=1; // Gecko detected, look for revision 
    m=ua.match(/rv:([^\s\)]*)/); 
    if (m&&m[1]) { 
    o.gecko=parseFloat(m[1]); 
    } 
    } 
    } 
    } 
    } 
    return o; 
    }(); 
    var Console = { 
    consoleRegion: null, 
    getRegion: function() { 
    if ( this.consoleRegion === null ) { 
    this.consoleRegion = document.getElementById( "consoleRegion" ); 
    } 
    return this.consoleRegion; 
    }, 
    output: function( text ) { 
    this.getRegion().innerHTML += "<br/>" + text; 
    } 
    }; 
    //test code 
    var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'; 
    //eval 
    var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" ); 
    } 
    Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    //new Function 
    beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )(); 
    } 
    Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    //native 
    if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
    beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); 
    } 
    Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    } else { 
    Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
    } 
    //wrapper 
    var __json = null; 
    if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
    __json = JSON; 
    } 
    var browser = Browser; 
    var JSON = { 
    parse: function( text ) { 
    if ( __json !== null ) { 
    return __json.parse( text ); 
    } 
    if ( browser.gecko ) { 
    return new Function( "return " + text )(); 
    } 
    return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) 
    } 
    }; 
    beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); 
    } 
    Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    //alert( o.value.items[0].z ); 
    </script> 
    </body> 
    </html> 
    

    JavaScript解析json字符串代码:

    代码一  一个 Servlet
    [java] view plain copy 在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片
    package com.ghj.servlet;  
      
    import java.io.IOException;  
    import java.io.PrintWriter;  
    import java.util.ArrayList;  
    import java.util.HashMap;  
    import java.util.List;  
    import java.util.Map;  
      
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;  
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;  
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;  
      
    import com.google.gson.Gson;  
      
    public class JsonServlet extends HttpServlet {  
      
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -699926309344319475L;  
      
        public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  
            doPost(request, response);  
        }  
          
        public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {  
      
            response.setContentType("text/json;charset=utf-8");  
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();  
            Map<String, List<String>> dataMap = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();  
            List<String > gradeList = new ArrayList<String>();//年级  
            gradeList.add("初中一年级");  
            gradeList.add("初中二年级");  
            gradeList.add("初中三年级");  
            dataMap.put("gradeList", gradeList);  
              
            List<String> courseList = new ArrayList<String>();//课程  
            courseList.add("语文");  
            courseList.add("数学");  
            courseList.add("物理");  
            dataMap.put("courseList", courseList);  
            out.write(new Gson().toJson(dataMap));  
            out.flush();  
            out.close();  
        }  
    }  
    说明:这里使用了gson-2.2.2.jar包


    代码二  一个jsp

    [html] view plain copy 在CODE上查看代码片派生到我的代码片
    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
    <%  
        String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://" + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort() + request.getContextPath() + "/";  
    %>  
      
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">  
    <html>  
        <head>  
            <title>首页</title>  
            <script type="text/javascript" src="<%=basePath%>js/jquery-1.7.2.js"></script>  
            <script type="text/javascript">  
                $(function(){  
                    $("#json").click(function(){  
                        $.ajax({  
                            type: "POST",  
                            url: "<%=basePath%>JsonServlet",  
                            success: function(data){  
                                var grades = data.gradeList;  
                                for(var index in grades){//年级  
                                    console.log(grades[index]);  
                                }  
                                var courses = data.courseList;  
                                for(var index in courses){//课程  
                                    console.log(courses[index]);  
                                }  
                            },  
                            error:function(){  
                                alert("数据请求失败!");  
                            }  
                        });  
                    });  
                });  
            </script>  
        </head>  
      
        <body>  
            <button id="json">JavaScript解析JSON字符串</button>  
        </body>  
    </html>  
    
    

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