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    JavaScript 解析Json字符串的性能比较分析代码

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    我们在使用AJAX来做服务器端和客户端交互的时候,一般的做法是让服务器端返回一段JSON字符串,然后在客户端把它解析成JavaScript对象。

    解析时用到的方法一般是eval或者new function,而目前IE8和Firefox3.1又内置了原生的JSON对象(据说会有一定的性能提升)。那我们在实际使用的时候怎样从这三种方法(因为性能问题,不考虑用javascript实现的解析)里面来选择呢?面对众多的浏览器,哪种方式的性能是最好的呢? 

    一、测试方法
    1、首先指定测试次数及JSON字符串

    代码如下:
    var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'; 
    

    2、循环解析并记录时间
    eval
    代码如下:
    var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" ); 
    } 
    Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    
    new Function
    代码如下:
    var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )(); 
    } 
    Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    
    native
    代码如下:
    if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
    var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); } 
    Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    } else { 
    Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
    } 
    

    二、测试对象 

    选择目前主流的浏览器(不考虑Maxthon一类的外壳),包括IE6、7、8,Firefox2、3、3.1,Chrome,Opera及Safari3、4。 

    三、测试环境 

    T9300 CPU + 4G RAM + Windows2003,其中IE8使用的是Vista的环境,IE7在另外一台工作机(2G CPU + 2G RAM + Windows2003),考虑到主要是测试浏览器客户端的性能,结果的误差应该能够接受。 

    四、测试结果


     

    *数值越小越好 

    *在当前列中绿色背景的表示性能最好,红色性能最差 
    1、Firefox2、3全部垫底,IE6的性能优于IE7(可能和机器不一致有关),Chrome和Safari4的性能远远超出其它浏览器。 

    2、不同的浏览器下eval和new Function的性能不一致,总的来说eval更好,但Firefox下new Function的性能是eval的一倍,为了更好的兼容各个浏览器,我们把对JSON的解析单独封装成一个对象来处理: 
    wrapper 

    代码如下:
    var __json = null; 
    if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
    __json = JSON; 
    } 
    var browser = Browser; 
    var JSON = { 
    parse: function( text ) { 
    if ( __json !== null ) { 
    return __json.parse( text ); 
    } 
    if ( browser.gecko ) { 
    return new Function( "return " + text )(); 
    } 
    return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) 
    } 
    }; 
    var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); } 
    Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    

    加入Wrapper后的结果: 


    由于涉及到调用对象的开销,封装后JSON对象会比单独调用更慢,但它能保证在各个浏览器下使用最适合的方法。 


    五、结论
    解析Json字符串时,不同的浏览器选择不同的方法: 

    IE6、7使用eval 
    IE8使用原生的JSON对象 
    Firefox2、3使用new Function 
    Safari4使用eval 
    其它浏览器下eval和new Function的性能基本一致 

    Update: 

    2009.03.23:屏蔽所有Firefox的Add-Ons再进行测试 
    由于Known在Firefox下运行代码得到了完全不一致的结果,怀疑是Firefox的插件导致,于是禁掉所有插件后(后来表明几乎由Firebug导致),重新在Firefox2、3下测试了一下,结果如下:


    这表明Firefox本身的性能并不是象我们先前测试的那样低,在去掉插件后性能还是很不错。但是没有Firebug一类的插件支持,Firefox对我们的吸引力也大大降低了。 

    2009.03.31:循环中每次使用新的json字符串 
    根据Oliver的描述,他猜测是由于Safari4和Chrome缓存了eval的结果从而导致它们的测试成绩“虚”高,测试结果证明了他的推测:


    从这个结果中我们可以看到,Opera的性能最好,Ie8其次。
    主要修改的代码:

    代码如下:
    //eval 2: var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = eval("(" + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}' + ")"); 
    } 
    Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    //new Function 
    beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = new Function("return " + '{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}')(); 
    } 
    Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    //native 
    if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
    beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'); 
    } 
    Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    } else { 
    Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
    } 
    //wrapper 
    var __json = null; 
    if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
    __json = JSON; 
    } 
    var browser = Browser; 
    var JSON = { 
    parse: function( text ) { 
    if ( __json !== null ) { 
    return __json.parse( text ); 
    } 
    if ( browser.gecko ) { 
    return new Function( "return " + text )(); 
    } 
    return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) 
    } 
    }; 
    beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = JSON.parse('{"value":{"items": [{"x":' + i + ',"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'); 
    } 
    Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    

    附:全部代码

    代码如下:
    <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> 
    <html> 
    <head> 
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> 
    <title>Parse JsonString</title> 
    </head> 
    <body> 
    <div id="consoleRegion"></div> 
    <script type="text/javascript"> 
    //yui 
    var Browser = function() { 
    var o = { 
    ie: 0, 
    opera: 0, 
    gecko: 0, 
    webkit: 0 
    }; 
    var ua = navigator.userAgent, m; 
    if ( ( /KHTML/ ).test( ua ) ) { 
    o.webkit = 1; 
    } 
    // Modern WebKit browsers are at least X-Grade 
    m = ua.match(/AppleWebKit\/([^\s]*)/); 
    if (m&&m[1]) { 
    o.webkit=parseFloat(m[1]); 
    } 
    if (!o.webkit) { // not webkit 
    // @todo check Opera/8.01 (J2ME/MIDP; Opera Mini/2.0.4509/1316; fi; U; ssr) 
    m=ua.match(/Opera[\s\/]([^\s]*)/); 
    if (m&&m[1]) { 
    o.opera=parseFloat(m[1]); 
    } else { // not opera or webkit 
    m=ua.match(/MSIE\s([^;]*)/); 
    if (m&&m[1]) { 
    o.ie=parseFloat(m[1]); 
    } else { // not opera, webkit, or ie 
    m=ua.match(/Gecko\/([^\s]*)/); 
    if (m) { 
    o.gecko=1; // Gecko detected, look for revision 
    m=ua.match(/rv:([^\s\)]*)/); 
    if (m&&m[1]) { 
    o.gecko=parseFloat(m[1]); 
    } 
    } 
    } 
    } 
    } 
    return o; 
    }(); 
    var Console = { 
    consoleRegion: null, 
    getRegion: function() { 
    if ( this.consoleRegion === null ) { 
    this.consoleRegion = document.getElementById( "consoleRegion" ); 
    } 
    return this.consoleRegion; 
    }, 
    output: function( text ) { 
    this.getRegion().innerHTML += "<br/>" + text; 
    } 
    }; 
    //test code 
    var count = 10000, o = null, i = 0, jsonString = '{"value":{"items": [{"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}, {"x":1,"y":2,"z":3}]},"error":null}'; 
    //eval 
    var beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = eval( "(" + jsonString + ")" ); 
    } 
    Console.output( "eval:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    //new Function 
    beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = new Function( "return " + jsonString )(); 
    } 
    Console.output( "new Function:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    //native 
    if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
    beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); 
    } 
    Console.output( "native:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    } else { 
    Console.output( "native:not support!" ); 
    } 
    //wrapper 
    var __json = null; 
    if ( typeof JSON !== "undefined" ) { 
    __json = JSON; 
    } 
    var browser = Browser; 
    var JSON = { 
    parse: function( text ) { 
    if ( __json !== null ) { 
    return __json.parse( text ); 
    } 
    if ( browser.gecko ) { 
    return new Function( "return " + text )(); 
    } 
    return eval( "(" + text + ")" ) 
    } 
    }; 
    beginTime = new Date(); 
    for ( i = 0; i < count; i++ ) { 
    o = JSON.parse( jsonString ); 
    } 
    Console.output( "wrapper:" + ( new Date() - beginTime ) ); 
    //alert( o.value.items[0].z ); 
    </script> 
    </body> 
    </html> 
    



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