我们已经知道MySQL使用 SQL SELECT 命令及 WHERE 子句来读取数据表中的数据,但是当提供的查询条件字段为 NULL 时,该命令可能就无法正常工作。
为了处理这种情况,MySQL提供了三大运算符:
关于 NULL 的条件比较运算是比较特殊的。你不能使用 = NULL 或 != NULL 在列中查找 NULL 值 。
在MySQL中,NULL值与任何其它值的比较(即使是NULL)永远返回false,即 NULL = NULL 返回false 。
MySQL中处理NULL使用IS NULL和IS NOT NULL运算符。
以下实例中假设数据库 W3CSCHOOL 中的表 tcount_tbl 含有两列 w3cschool_author 和 w3cschool_count, w3cschool_count 中设置插入NULL值。
尝试以下实例:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use W3CSCHOOL; Database changed mysql> create table tcount_tbl -> ( -> w3cschool_author varchar(40) NOT NULL, -> w3cschool_count INT -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('mahran', 20); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('mahnaz', NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('Jen', NULL); mysql> INSERT INTO tcount_tbl -> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('Gill', 20); mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl; +-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
以下实例中你可以看到 = 和 != 运算符是不起作用的:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE w3cschool_count = NULL; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl WHERE w3cschool_count != NULL; Empty set (0.01 sec)
查找数据表中 w3cschool_count 列是否为 NULL,必须使用IS NULL和IS NOT NULL,如下实例:
mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl -> WHERE w3cschool_count IS NULL; +-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> SELECT * from tcount_tbl -> WHERE w3cschool_count IS NOT NULL; +-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | Gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
PHP脚本中你可以在 if...else 语句来处理变量是否为空,并生成相应的条件语句。
以下实例中PHP设置了$w3cschool_count变量,然后使用该变量与数据表中的 w3cschool_count 字段进行比较:
<?php $dbhost = 'localhost:3036'; $dbuser = 'root'; $dbpass = 'rootpassword'; $conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass); if(! $conn ) { die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); } if( isset($w3cschool_count )) { $sql = 'SELECT w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE w3cschool_count = $w3cschool_count'; } else { $sql = 'SELECT w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count FROM tcount_tbl WHERE w3cschool_count IS $w3cschool_count'; } mysql_select_db('W3CSCHOOL'); $retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn ); if(! $retval ) { die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error()); } while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { echo "Author:{$row['w3cschool_author']} <br> ". "Count: {$row['w3cschool_count']} <br> ". "--------------------------------<br>"; } echo "Fetched data successfully\n"; mysql_close($conn); ?>