反射(Reflection) 对象用于在运行时获取类型信息。该类位于 System.Reflection 命名空间中,可访问一个正在运行的程序的元数据。
System.Reflection 命名空间包含了允许您获取有关应用程序信息及向应用程序动态添加类型、值和对象的类。
反射(Reflection)有下列用途:
我们已经在上面的章节中提到过,使用反射(Reflection)可以查看属性(attribute)信息。
System.Reflection 类的 MemberInfo 对象需要被初始化,用于发现与类相关的属性(attribute)。为了做到这点,您可以定义目标类的一个对象,如下:
System.Reflection.MemberInfo info = typeof(MyClass);
下面的程序演示了这点:
using System; [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.All)] public class HelpAttribute : System.Attribute { public readonly string Url; public string Topic // Topic 是一个命名(named)参数 { get { return topic; } set { topic = value; } } public HelpAttribute(string url) // url 是一个定位(positional)参数 { this.Url = url; } private string topic; } [HelpAttribute("Information on the class MyClass")] class MyClass { } namespace AttributeAppl { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { System.Reflection.MemberInfo info = typeof(MyClass); object[] attributes = info.GetCustomAttributes(true); for (int i = 0; i < attributes.Length; i++) { System.Console.WriteLine(attributes[i]); } Console.ReadKey(); } } }
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会显示附加到类 MyClass 上的自定义属性:
HelpAttribute
在本实例中,我们将使用在上一章中创建的 DeBugInfo 属性,并使用反射(Reflection)来读取 Rectangle 类中的元数据。
using System; using System.Reflection; namespace BugFixApplication { // 一个自定义属性 BugFix 被赋给类及其成员 [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Constructor | AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = true)] public class DeBugInfo : System.Attribute { private int bugNo; private string developer; private string lastReview; public string message; public DeBugInfo(int bg, string dev, string d) { this.bugNo = bg; this.developer = dev; this.lastReview = d; } public int BugNo { get { return bugNo; } } public string Developer { get { return developer; } } public string LastReview { get { return lastReview; } } public string Message { get { return message; } set { message = value; } } } [DeBugInfo(45, "Zara Ali", "12/8/2012", Message = "Return type mismatch")] [DeBugInfo(49, "Nuha Ali", "10/10/2012", Message = "Unused variable")] class Rectangle { // 成员变量 protected double length; protected double width; public Rectangle(double l, double w) { length = l; width = w; } [DeBugInfo(55, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012", Message = "Return type mismatch")] public double GetArea() { return length * width; } [DeBugInfo(56, "Zara Ali", "19/10/2012")] public void Display() { Console.WriteLine("Length: {0}", length); Console.WriteLine("Width: {0}", width); Console.WriteLine("Area: {0}", GetArea()); } }//end class Rectangle class ExecuteRectangle { static void Main(string[] args) { Rectangle r = new Rectangle(4.5, 7.5); r.Display(); Type type = typeof(Rectangle); // 遍历 Rectangle 类的属性 foreach (Object attributes in type.GetCustomAttributes(false)) { DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)attributes; if (null != dbi) { Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}", dbi.BugNo); Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer); Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}", dbi.LastReview); Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message); } } // 遍历方法属性 foreach (MethodInfo m in type.GetMethods()) { foreach (Attribute a in m.GetCustomAttributes(true)) { DeBugInfo dbi = (DeBugInfo)a; if (null != dbi) { Console.WriteLine("Bug no: {0}, for Method: {1}", dbi.BugNo, m.Name); Console.WriteLine("Developer: {0}", dbi.Developer); Console.WriteLine("Last Reviewed: {0}", dbi.LastReview); Console.WriteLine("Remarks: {0}", dbi.Message); } } } Console.ReadLine(); } } }
当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:
Length: 4.5 Width: 7.5 Area: 33.75 Bug No: 49 Developer: Nuha Ali Last Reviewed: 10/10/2012 Remarks: Unused variable Bug No: 45 Developer: Zara Ali Last Reviewed: 12/8/2012 Remarks: Return type mismatch Bug No: 55, for Method: GetArea Developer: Zara Ali Last Reviewed: 19/10/2012 Remarks: Return type mismatch Bug No: 56, for Method: Display Developer: Zara Ali Last Reviewed: 19/10/2012 Remarks: