Java EE - Spring MVC 入门介绍以及基于注解开发应用
来源：程序员人生 发布时间：2016-11-22 08:59:42 阅读次数：2661次
问题导读：
1. Spring MVC 的入门操作
2. 如何基于注解开发Spring MVC利用？
解决方案：
Spring MVC入门介绍
1. jar
2.bean(model)
package bean;
public class Product {
private String name;
private String description;
private Float price;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public Float getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Float price) {
this.price = price;
}
}
3.form
package form;
public class ProductForm {
private String name;
private String description;
private String price;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public String getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(String price) {
this.price = price;
}
}
4.controller
4.1 InputProductController
package com.lpl.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
/*
* 这是传统风格的控制器，实现Controller接口
*/
public class InputProductController implements Controller{
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new ModelAndView("ProductForm");
}
}
4.2 SaveProductController
package com.lpl.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import bean.Product;
import form.ProductForm;
public class SaveProductController implements Controller{
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
/*
* 没有过滤器，手动设置request中对象的字符编码
*/
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF⑻");
// 数据绑定（spring MVC 提供了该功能，以后会使用）
ProductForm productForm = new ProductForm();
productForm.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
productForm.setDescription(request.getParameter("description"));
productForm.setPrice(request.getParameter("price"));
Product product = new Product();
product.setName(productForm.getName());
product.setDescription(productForm.getDescription());
try {
product.setPrice(Float.parseFloat(productForm.getPrice()));
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
/*
* 1. 视图（jsp）
* 2. 模型（名字）
* 3. 模型（对象）
*/
return new ModelAndView("ProductDetails","product",product);
}
}
5. 配置文件
5.1 springmvc-config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF⑻"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 配置bean -->
<!--
通过配置bean方式得到的controller每个controller就是1个action
-->
<bean name="/product_input.do" class="com.lpl.controller.InputProductController" />
<bean name="/product_save.do" class="com.lpl.controller.SaveProductController" />
<!--
ViewResolver(视图解析器)
配置前缀和后缀两个属性，这样视图解析器将会自动增加前缀和后缀
-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
5.2 web
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF⑻"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!--
DispatcherServlet
1. 调用controller中相应的action
2. 根据要求参数值构造表单bean
3. 转向另外一个view层（jsp）
-->
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- spring MVC 的配置文件 位置 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- web application的classpath包括 WEB-INF/lib下的所有jar包和WEB-INF/classes目录 -->
<param-value>classpath:conf/springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
6. view
6.1 ProductForm
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF⑻"
pageEncoding="UTF⑻"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF⑻">
<title>添加商品</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<form action="product_save.do" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>添加商品</legend>
<label for="name">商品名字：</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" value="" /><br/>
<label for="description">商品描写：</label>
<input type="text" id="description" name="description" value="" /><br/>
<label for="price">商品价格：</label>
<input type="text" id="price" name="price" value=""/><br/>
<div>
<input id="reset" type="reset" />
<input id="submit" type="submit" value="添加商品" />
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
6.2 ProductForm
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF⑻"
pageEncoding="UTF⑻"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF⑻">
<title>商品详情</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h4>该商品已保存</h4>
<p>
<h5>详细信息</h5>
商品名称：${product.name }</br>
商品描写：${product.description }</br>
商品价格：${product.price }
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
基于注解的控制器
1. 采取注解开发利用的几个优点
- 1个控制器类可以处理多个动作
- 1个动作对应1个控制器类中的1个方法
2. 配置文件
2.1 web
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF⑻"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!--
DispatcherServlet
1. 调用controller中相应的action
2. 根据要求参数值构造表单bean
3. 转向另外一个view层（jsp）
-->
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- spring MVC 的配置文件 位置 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- web application的classpath包括 WEB-INF/lib下的所有jar包和WEB-INF/classes目录 -->
<param-value>classpath:conf/springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!--
1. 当URL模式设置为“/” 时，意味着所有要求（包括静态资源）1同映照到dispatcher servlet
2. 为了正确处理静态资源，需要在Spring MVC配置文件中添加<resources/>元素
-->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--
字符过滤器
1. 处理数据绑定中文乱码
-->
<filter>
<filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF⑻</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
2.2 springmvc-config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF⑻"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc⑶.2.xsd">
<!--
1. 声明扫描机制 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
2. 扫描包要注意不要指定1个太广泛的基本包
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lpl.controller" />
<!-- 1. 如果没有<annotation-driven/>,<resources/>元素会禁止任意控制器被调用
2. 若不需要使用 resources，则不需要<annotation-driven/>元素
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 指定.html 资源不通过dispatcher servlet -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/*.html" location="/" />
<!--
ViewResolver(视图解析器)
配置前缀和后缀两个属性，这样视图解析器将会自动增加前缀和后缀
-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
3. controller
package com.lpl.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import bean.Product;
import form.ProductForm;
/*
* 1. 在配置好spring 的扫描机制的条件下，可使用注解开发利用
* 2. @RequestMapping("/xxx.do") 与 @RequestMapping(value = "/xxx.do") 相同
* 3. @RequestMapping 注解总还可使用其他属性
* 4. 在编写要求处理方法的时候，可以直接在方法参数中添加HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse 等
* 5. 返回类型可以为ModelAndView、Model、Map 和 String（逻辑视图名）等
*/
@Controller
public class ProductController {
@RequestMapping(value="/product_input.do")
public String inputProduct() {
return "ProductForm";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/product_save.do", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String saveProduct(HttpServletRequest request, ProductForm productForm, Model model) {
Product product = new Product();
product.setName(productForm.getName());
product.setDescription(productForm.getDescription());
try {
product.setPrice(Float.parseFloat(productForm.getPrice()));
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//将商品加入 model 中
model.addAttribute("product", product);
return "ProductDetails";
}
}
4. view
4.1
4.2
生活不易，码农辛苦
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