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HttpUrlConnection get和post简单实现(疑惑解决)

来源:程序员人生   发布时间:2014-11-25 08:48:13 阅读次数:3182次

最近研究微信的公众平台开发,需要和微信的http://www.wfuyu.com/server/进行数据读取,简单研究了下jdk自带的HttpUrlConnection类(URLConnection的子类),简单实现了1下微信的http://www.wfuyu.com/access/_token获得。

获得微信http://www.wfuyu.com/access/_token的地址:微信地址

该地址是get方法要求便可,先贴代码,doGet:

private final String ACCESS_TOKEN_WEIXIN = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token"; public String doGet(String grantType, String appId, String secret){ String url = ACCESS_TOKEN_WEIXIN+"?grant_type="+grantType+ "&appid="+appId+"&secret="+secret; HttpURLConnection conn = null; InputStream is = null; InputStreamReader reader = null; BufferedReader br = null; String str = ""; try { URL weiUrl = new URL(url); conn = (HttpURLConnection)weiUrl.openConnection(); conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive"); conn.connect(); is = conn.getInputStream(); reader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF⑻"); br = new BufferedReader(reader); String readLine = ""; while((readLine=br.readLine())!=null){ str+=readLine+" "; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ try{ if(br!=null){ br.close(); } if(conn!=null){ conn.disconnect(); } }catch(Exception e1){ e1.printStackTrace(); } } return str; }

我将InputStream流和InputStreamReader流都单独定义援用是为了测试流关闭的问题,最后只关闭最外层流,由于外层流关闭的时候就将包裹的流1并关闭了。见下面的BufferedReader类的close方法:

public void close() throws IOException { synchronized (lock) { if (in == null) return; in.close(); in = null; cb = null; } }
其中,in就是包裹的流。


下面贴post方法的代码,然后综合比较1下,代码:

public String doPost(String grantType, String appId, String secret){ HttpURLConnection conn = null; InputStream is = null; InputStreamReader reader = null; BufferedReader br = null; String str = ""; try { URL url = new URL(ACCESS_TOKEN_WEIXIN); conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); conn.setDoOutput(true);//默许为false的,所以需要设置 conn.setUseCaches(false); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); conn.connect(); OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream(); DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(outStream); String params = "grant_type="+grantType+ "&appid="+appId+"&secret="+secret; out.writeBytes(params); out.close(); is = conn.getInputStream(); reader = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF⑻"); br = new BufferedReader(reader); String readLine = ""; while((readLine=br.readLine())!=null){ str+=readLine+" "; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ try{ if(br!=null){ br.close(); } if(conn!=null){ conn.disconnect(); } }catch(Exception e1){ e1.printStackTrace(); } } return str; }

两相比较:

1.思路是1样的:首先建立链接对象(URL)->由链接对象得到代理对象(HttpUrlConnection)->设置1些链接参数->启动链接通道(conn.connect();)->进行输出输入操作

2.get方法参数是带在链接上的,所以没有单独赋值操作,直接在启动链接通道后得到输入流便可得到返回值

3.post方法参数不带在链接上,需要单独赋值(赋值是使用输出流来进行的),需要将输出打开(conn.setDoOutput(true);)由于URLConnection默许输出是false;而input是默许打开的,故不用重复设置。

4.读取返回值方式1样。


在研究进程中,对URLConnection怎样得到的InputStream比较好奇,查看源码为:

public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { throw new UnknownServiceException("protocol doesn't support input"); }

所以很迷惑,是jdk1.7 。等下来研究出来再补上来。

共勉!

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紧跟上面,对jdk怎样实现的getInputStream和getOutputStream和其他1些方法,经过研究,终究找到了。接下来释疑:

需要注意到:

URL url = new URL(ACCESS_TOKEN_WEIXIN); conn = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();


这里得到HttpUrlConnection的时候是使用了强转得到的,故跟踪到URL类的openConnection方法内->

public URLConnection openConnection() throws java.io.IOException { return handler.openConnection(this); }


这里的handler定义在URL类的上方->

transient URLStreamHandler handler;

然后去寻觅handler的赋值方法getURLStreamHandler,发现以下代码->

if (handler == null) { String packagePrefixList = null; packagePrefixList = java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged( new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction( protocolPathProp,"")); if (packagePrefixList != "") { packagePrefixList += "|"; } // REMIND: decide whether to allow the "null" class prefix // or not. packagePrefixList += JDK_PACKAGE_PREFIX; StringTokenizer packagePrefixIter = new StringTokenizer(packagePrefixList, "|"); while (handler == null && packagePrefixIter.hasMoreTokens()) { String packagePrefix = packagePrefixIter.nextToken().trim(); // do not try to instantiate the JDK gopher handler // unless the system property had been explicitly set if (protocol.equalsIgnoreCase(GOPHER) && packagePrefix.equals(JDK_PACKAGE_PREFIX) && !enableGopher) { continue; } try { String clsName = packagePrefix + "." + protocol + ".Handler"; Class cls = null; try { cls = Class.forName(clsName);

其中
JDK_PACKAGE_PREFIX
在类中定义的是:

private static final String JDK_PACKAGE_PREFIX = "sun.net.www.protocol";
再结合下面的
String clsName = packagePrefix + "." + protocol + ".Handler";
基本可以定位到handler类的实现类在sun.net.www.protocol.http.Handler。然后百度搜索以后找到源码(jdk下没有sun包的源码)->

sun.net.www.protocol.http包的视图  Handler.java的源码 ->

protected java.net.URLConnection openConnection(URL u) throws IOException { return openConnection(u, (Proxy)null); } protected java.net.URLConnection openConnection(URL u, Proxy p) throws IOException { return new HttpURLConnection(u, p, this); }

可以看到返回值是HttpURLConnection,但是发现该类中并没有引入java.net.HttpURLConnection类,故猜想在Handler的同包下有1个同名类,果然发现该类,源码 ->

public class HttpURLConnection extends java.net.HttpURLConnection

这是关建行,该类继承了java.net.HttpURLConnection类。所以返回该类可以由java.net.HttpURLConnection类的父类URLConnection接到,然后强转成java.net.HttpURLConnection类。设计10分奇妙->

@Override public synchronized OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException { try { if (!doOutput) { throw new ProtocolException("cannot write to a URLConnection" + " if doOutput=false - call setDoOutput(true)"); } if (method.equals("GET")) { method = "POST"; // Backward compatibility } if (!"POST".equals(method) && !"PUT".equals(method) && "http".equals(url.getProtocol())) { throw new ProtocolException("HTTP method " + method + " doesn't support output"); } // if there's already an input stream open, throw an exception if (inputStream != null) { throw new ProtocolException("Cannot write output after reading input."); } if (!checkReuseConnection()) connect();
......

这就是getOutputStream的实现地方了,正好doOutput属性的设置也在这里起到了作用。艾玛,终究找到实现的地方了,其他方法原理1致了。

略微整理下:全部的类流转进程就是:sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection转化成java.net.URLConnection,然后强转成java.net.HttpURLConnection。

晕乎~





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